WattifOperations · Findings ledger

Methodology · Findings

How a finding earns the right to exist

A finding is the unit of platform output that turns telemetry into a dollar claim. Every finding row carries the evidence window it was drawn from, the hypothesis label that names the agent's confidence, the dollar amount it sized, and the recommended action it routes to. The platform refuses to write a row that cannot defend itself in audit.

This paper covers the contract every finding satisfies, the H1/H2/H3 hypothesis labels and what distinguishes them, the five sizing methods and which class each applies to, the lifecycle from Recommended to Resolved (with Monitored as a side path), and the promotion path from a finding to a financed Intervention. The settlement engine that the strongest findings eventually meet is documented at /methods/mv-option-b-method; the agent team that produces findings is documented at /methods/the-seven.

Prepared by Wattif Technologies Pte. Ltd. · May 2026Singapore
01What the ledger assumes

Working principles

A finding is evidence, not an opinion.

Every finding row carries the telemetry window it was drawn from, the specific tools the agent ran, the confidence the agent reached, and the dollar amount it sized. A claim that does not pass those four gates does not become a finding. The platform refuses to write a row that cannot defend itself in audit.

Every claim is hypothesis, not problem.

Findings are labelled H1, H2, H3 (hypotheses ranked by confidence), not P1, P2 (problems asserted as facts). The distinction matters because the agent is not present at the customer's site and cannot know with certainty that a compressor is degraded or a setpoint is wrong. The label commits to evidence-based reasoning and refuses to assert what was not stated by the operator or proven by the data.

Anchored to a specific evidence window.

Every finding names the time range its evidence was drawn from, the entities (assets, spaces, processes) it applied to, the meters or sensors that produced the data, and the baseline it compared against. A finding that cannot point at a window did not earn the right to exist.

Dollar amount or no row.

Findings without a defensible dollar figure are not filed. The agent's session may record an observation as 'seen but not sized,' and the next session at the next cadence may pick up the thread. The findings ledger is reserved for actionable conclusions, which means quantified conclusions.

Supersession, never mutation.

When a later finding addresses the same root cause as an earlier one with new evidence, the new finding supersedes the old via supersedes_id. Both rows remain on disk. The customer reads the latest; the audit reads the chain. Editing a prior finding's text or amount is structurally impossible.

The customer reads in business language, never internal vocabulary.

Internal framings (the Five Areas, the agent code keys, the strategy types, the playbook names) do not appear in customer-facing reports. The customer reads what is happening, what it costs, and what the recommended next step is. The vocabulary that the platform uses internally is for engineering, not for the operator.

02What every row carries

The finding contract

Every finding row satisfies the same column-by-column contract. The contract is enforced at the database level (NOT NULL on the load-bearing columns, CHECK constraints on the enums) so a row that fails any clause does not land. The fields below are the ones that matter for audit; operational fields (created_by, updated_by, et cetera) are present too but are not load-bearing for the methodology.

ColumnWhat it carries
id, facility_idStable row identifier and the facility the finding belongs to. Every other column traces back to these two.
areaOne of Waste, Penalty, Silence, Opportunity. Operations does not carry findings; it is the residual after the other four are accounted for.
title and summaryCustomer-facing title (short, business-language) and a two-or-three sentence summary. Internal vocabulary stays out.
evidence_window_start, evidence_window_endThe exact time range the agent drew evidence from. The verifier reads these on settlement; the operator reads them on dispute.
asset_ids, space_ids, process_idsThe entities the finding applies to. Either populated array-by-array or a clean empty when the finding is facility-wide.
confidence_label, confidence_scoreH1, H2, or H3 plus the numeric basis. Each area carries a minimum confidence the row must reach to land.
amount, currency, amount_basisThe dollar figure, the currency, and a structured field naming how the figure was computed (tariff-window-weighted, peak-shaving, marginal-tariff, capex-roi, et cetera).
recommended_actionA typed handle that names the next step: schedule_change, contractor_dispatch, tariff_switch, retrofit_scope, monitor. The platform refuses free-text actions; every row routes through a known action type.
session_id, agent_idThe agent run that produced the row. The session carries the full reasoning trace.
supersedes_idWhen this row updates a prior finding on the same root cause, supersedes_id points to the prior row. NULL when the row is the first take on the issue.
stateRecommended, In Progress, Resolved, or Monitored. State is operator-driven; the platform refuses transitions that are illegal for the current state.
filed_at, updated_atAppend-only filed_at. updated_at tracks state transitions; the content (title, evidence, amount) is immutable after the row is written.
03H1, H2, H3, not P1, P2

Hypothesis labels

The platform commits to evidence-based reasoning at the language level. Findings are labelled as hypotheses (H1, H2, H3) ranked by the agent's confidence, not as problems (P1, P2) asserted as facts. The distinction prevents a finding from claiming more certainty than the evidence supports and makes the agent's reasoning explicit in the row itself.

H1

Highest confidence. Direct evidence visible in telemetry, corroborated across at least two independent signals, with no plausible alternative explanation surviving the agent's hypothesis space. Suitable for direct work-order dispatch by the Engineer, direct tariff-switch recommendation by the Broker, direct opportunity sizing by the Consultant.

H2

Medium confidence. Strong telemetry signal with a plausible alternative explanation the agent could not rule out. The finding is filed but accompanied by the alternative and the diagnostic step the operator can run to disambiguate. Common for early-stage equipment-degradation diagnoses where signature evidence is suggestive but baseline residual is the only confirmer.

H3

Lower confidence. Pattern visible in the data but the agent has not crossed the area's threshold for autonomous action. The row carries a note explaining what additional evidence would lift it to H2. Operators read H3 findings as prompts rather than recommendations.

Per-area minimum labels live in the agent registry. The Engineer cannot file H3 findings on equipment degradation; only H1 or H2. The Operator can file H3 waste findings as observation prompts. The Broker requires H1 for tariff switches because a wrong switch carries real cost.

04Five methods, one per finding class

Sizing

Every finding's amount field is computed by one of five methods. The method is recorded in amount_basis so a reviewer reading the row knows immediately how the figure was constructed. The platform refuses to file a finding whose sizing method does not match the area it claims.

Tariff-window weighted

Used for waste findings on metered loads. Per-tick energy delta multiplied by the tariff rate at that tick, summed over the evidence window, projected forward at the prior week's load shape.

Peak-shaving

Used for penalty findings on demand charges. Demand window kW reduction multiplied by the demand charge per kW, projected over the billing period.

Marginal tariff

Used for opportunity findings on tariff switches. Modelled tariff applied to the prior twelve months of load, compared against current tariff applied to the same load, net of switching cost.

Capex ROI

Used for opportunity findings that require investment (solar, battery, retrofit). Net present value over the asset's expected life, sensitivity-banded for tariff and discount-rate assumptions.

Continuation cost

Used for silence findings on equipment degradation. Cost of doing nothing, sized as the gap between current consumption and the rebuilt-equipment baseline, integrated over the time before secondary failure becomes likely.

05Four states with one side path

The lifecycle

A finding moves through Recommended to In Progress to Resolved on the main path. Monitored is a side state for findings the operator wants to defer or watch. The state machine refuses illegal transitions (Resolved cannot go directly back to Recommended without a super-admin override, In Progress cannot skip to Monitored).

RecommendedIn ProgressResolvedMonitoreddeferact later
StateWhat it meansLegal transitions
RecommendedThe default state on first filing. The platform has identified the finding, sized it, and named the recommended action. No work has begun.Operator may move to In Progress, Resolved (if the issue resolved itself), or Monitored (if the operator wants to leave the platform watching without dispatching work).
In ProgressWork has been dispatched. A contractor is on site, a tariff switch is being processed, an opportunity is being scoped. The session that filed the finding tracks status updates from the work-order system.Operator may move to Resolved when the work completes, or back to Recommended if the work was cancelled.
ResolvedThe work is complete. Verification has confirmed the savings, the equipment was repaired, the tariff has switched. The finding stays on the row for the audit trail; the customer-facing report stops surfacing it on the active queue.Terminal state under normal conditions. May be moved back to Recommended only by a super-admin override with a recorded reason.
MonitoredThe operator chose to keep the platform watching the issue without dispatching work. Common for opportunities the customer is not ready to capture yet, or for silence findings where the operator wants to wait for clearer evidence.Operator may move to Recommended (to begin work) or to Resolved (if the issue self-cleared).
06Review surfaces

How the customer sees a finding

Findings appear on four surfaces, each with a different shape. The same row carries through all four; the rendering is tuned to the audience and the context.

The report

The long-form customer artefact. Three-to-six page PDF or web view that walks the customer through the period: what was found, what was sized, what was done, what is recommended. Findings appear grouped by area with the customer-facing title and the dollar amount; the underlying evidence is linked but not in-line.

The brief

The short-form customer artefact. One-page summary for periods where nothing material happened or for new customers before the first month of evidence has accumulated. Findings appear as a list with title and amount only.

The dashboard

The live surface. Findings show up in the active queue grouped by state (Recommended → In Progress → Monitored → Resolved). Operators triage from this surface; the dashboard is where state transitions happen.

The session detail

The deep-link surface. From any finding, the operator can open the session that produced it and read the full reasoning trace: which tools the agent called, what evidence it gathered, what hypotheses it considered and rejected. Used for dispute resolution and for training new operators.

07When a finding becomes a contract

Promotion to an Intervention

Most findings close through the normal state machine without ever becoming a financed Intervention. The ones that do follow the path below. The Intervention model documented at /methods/control-strategies-method picks up here.

The scoping conversation

When an operator chooses to act on a finding, the Diagnostic agent and the operator scope an Intervention in conversation: target entities, expected savings, IPMVP option. The finding becomes the origin row on the Intervention; the Intervention carries the scope; the strategy or the retrofit delivers the work.

What the work costs

If the Intervention needs equipment, the Consultant's finding (or the Engineer's, for retrofits) carries the capex band and the sensitivity analysis, so the customer sees the range before committing. Wattif charges for the work and passes equipment through at cost; it does not fund the deployment or take a percentage of what the deployment saves.

The finding stays linked

On Intervention creation, the finding's intervention_id column is populated. The finding remains in its original state (Recommended → In Progress) until the Intervention itself reaches Verified, at which point the finding moves to Resolved with a backreference to the verifications row.

Findings that do not become Interventions

Most findings are addressed without an Intervention at all: a tariff switch the customer makes directly, a setpoint change the operator applies, a contractor visit on a service contract that pre-exists. The finding closes through the normal state machine without ever touching the Intervention model.

08Three screens

How findings appear

The same finding row renders differently on different surfaces. The customer-facing report uses business language and an action CTA. The operator dashboard exposes hypothesis labels and amounts for triage. The reasoning deep-link surfaces the agent's consideration of alternatives, used for dispute and for training.

screen 1The customer reportFindings rendered for the operator's CFO. Business language, action CTA, no internal vocabulary. Dollar amount right-aligned for scanning.
wattif.ai/facility/acme/reports/2026-05
ReportsMay 2026

Findings for review

What we found this month

A fan-coil unit on Level 3 East ran all night every weekday

AUD 14 / month

The unit holds 22 °C continuously while the zone is vacant 09:00-18:00 weekdays. Raising the setpoint during vacant windows recovers the saving with no comfort impact.

defer · monitor · open reasoning trace

A demand charge spike pushed the bill into a higher band

AUD 84 / month

Three peak events on 2026-05-14 added an avoidable demand component. A controlled ramp on the chiller plant during the morning startup window prevents the recurrence.

defer · monitor · open reasoning trace

Compressor C-3 is running 11 % above its baseline draw

AUD 240 / month

Power signature shifted gradually over the last 21 days. Likely refrigerant charge loss; can be addressed during the next service window.

defer · monitor · open reasoning trace

A rooftop solar tap is feasible at the prevailing tariff

AUD 8,400 / year

Modelled against the prior twelve months of load, a 65 kW rooftop installation pays back in 4.2 years before incentives. Full financial model is attached.

defer · monitor · open reasoning trace

Internal vocabulary (Five Areas labels, agent code keys, playbook names) does not appear in the customer-facing report. Areas are present internally on the row for triage and routing.

screen 2The triage dashboardState-based tabs. Operator sees H1/H2 labels, amounts, agents, days in state. Filter by area for focused triage.
wattif.ai/facility/acme/findings
Findings

Findings · operator triage

filterall areaswastepenaltysilenceopportunity
Recommended12In Progress3Monitored5Resolved47
FindingAreaLabelAmountAgentDays
L3-East FCU runs nightlyWasteH1AUD 14/moOperator2
Demand spike on 2026-05-14PenaltyH1AUD 84/moBroker3
Compressor C-3 above baselineSilenceH1AUD 240/moEngineer5
Solar feasibility on rooftopOpportunityH1AUD 8.4k/yrConsultant1
Lighting schedule drift in warehouseWasteH2AUD 38/moOperator7
Power-factor surcharge on billPenaltyH1AUD 22/moBroker9
Defrost cycle anomaly on Freezer F-2SilenceH2AUD 65/moEngineer4
Battery sizing for peak shavingOpportunityH1AUD 11.2k/yrConsultant1
screen 3The reasoning traceDeep-link from any finding. Hypothesis space (H1 confirmed, H2 deferred, H3 ruled out), evidence windows, sizing method. The defence of the dollar claim.
wattif.ai/facility/acme/findings/f-78b9c2-01/reasoning
FindingsL3-East FCU runs nightlyReasoning trace

How this finding earned its place on the ledger

finding f-78b9c2-01 · session sess-78b9c2

Filed

2026-06-15 14:00 SGT

by Operator

Evidence window

2026-05-15 → 2026-06-14

30 days · 99.4% coverage

Entities

asset · fcu-l3-east

zone L3-East · floor 3

Hypotheses considered

H1 · 94%

Vacancy waste during weekday 09:00-18:00

Setpoint flat at 22 °C across the window. Occupancy sensor reads 0 across the window. Valve runs at 76 % mean. Confidence supported by two independent signals (load_telemetry + context_telemetry).

H2 · 71%

Overcooling against actual setpoint requirement

Room reaches 21.4 °C at 14:00 against a 23 °C comfort target. Ruled in but defers to H1 because the broader vacancy pattern dominates the dollar amount.

H3 · ruled out

Compressor cycling anomaly. Signature library check returned within-spec; baseline residual flat. Not a contributor.

Sizing

Methodtariff_window_weightedTariff appliedpeak/off-peak weighted at 0.2765 AUD/kWhProjection horizonmonthly · holds for 12 months at prior-week load shapeResultAUD 14 / month
09When the ledger refuses

Failure modes

Every refusal is named and returns a structured error. The platform never writes a degraded row to make a session look productive. Sessions that hit a refusal close cleanly and surface the gap to the operator.

confidence_below_threshold

The agent's session reached a hypothesis but could not cross the area's minimum confidence. The session records the hypothesis as 'observed but not actionable'; no finding is filed. The next session at the next cadence may pick up the thread with additional evidence.

amount_undefendable

The agent has a hypothesis with sufficient confidence but cannot construct a defensible dollar figure (tariff data missing, evidence window too short for projection, sizing method not applicable to the load class). The session records the gap; no finding is filed until sizing becomes possible.

evidence_window_too_short

An agent attempting to file a finding from a window shorter than the area's minimum (forty-eight hours for waste, fourteen days for silence, twenty-eight days for opportunity sizing) is refused at write time. The platform requires enough evidence to be statistically meaningful per the area's standard.

supersession_required_no_prior

An agent attempting to file a finding that overlaps an existing un-superseded finding on the same root cause is required to either supersede or merge. Two parallel findings on the same issue with conflicting amounts is a refused state; one must defer to the other.

customer_vocabulary_violation

Internal vocabulary (Five Areas labels, agent code keys, playbook names) in a finding's title or summary is rejected at write time. The platform pattern-matches against the internal vocabulary list and refuses to file. This is a build-time check, not a runtime one; the surface that produces customer-facing copy strips internal vocabulary before submission.

10Audit chain

How a reviewer reconstructs a finding

Any finding is reconstructible from five reads against the database. The chain runs from the facility to the row to the reasoning to the original telemetry, with the intervention link as the bridge across to the settlement engine when the finding became a contract.

facilities

the anchor

findings

the claim

agent_sessions

the reasoning

telemetry

the evidence

interventions

when it became a contract

Five reads. Every finding on the platform is reconstructible from the row to the reasoning to the original telemetry. A reviewer who wants to know whether a claim is defensible follows the chain left to right.

  1. Find the facility. facilities.id is the anchor.
  2. Read the finding. findings WHERE facility_id and (optionally) state, area, or agent_id carries the row in question with its evidence window, hypothesis label, amount, sizing basis, and recommended action.
  3. Read the session. agent_sessions joined on session_id is the agent run that produced the row. Hypothesis space, rejected alternatives, tools called, evidence gathered. The full reasoning trace.
  4. Read the telemetry. Using the evidence_window_start and evidence_window_end the agent recorded, load_telemetry and context_telemetry for the entities the finding applied to is the original data the conclusion was drawn from. Replay over this window reproduces the agent's evidence base.
  5. Read the supersession chain. supersedes_id walked recursively gives the full history of the platform's understanding of this root cause. Where the chain begins is the first agent run that surfaced the issue.
  6. Read the intervention. When intervention_id is populated, the finding became a financed contract. The audit chain across to /methods/mv-option-b-method begins here.
11Honest open work

What is not yet in scope

The findings ledger is operational and producing rows every day on every opted-in facility. The items below are deliberately deferred so a reviewer is not surprised by what the paper does not claim.

  • Cross-segment finding patterns. Each segment (food processing, hotel, office, refrigerated warehouse) accumulates its own library of common findings. A shared cross-segment pattern library that lifts the bar on confidence thresholds when the same finding has been settled hundreds of times is on the build queue.
  • Customer-facing dispute path. Today findings are accepted, declined, or deferred by the operator. A formal dispute path that surfaces alternative hypotheses and asks the operator to confirm or reject is named but not yet built.
  • Finding closure verification. The Engineer's repair-completion verification and the Operator's waste-cleared verification both exist as session steps. A unified closure verification that reads the finding's predicted savings and confirms against the verifier cron's output is on the build queue.
  • Multi-currency sizing. The platform currently sizes findings in the facility's local currency. Portfolios that span currencies (regional chains, multinational customers) require a currency conversion that respects the tariff-window weighting; deferred until a customer spans regions.
  • External review of the hypothesis labels. The H1/H2/H3 framing and the per-area confidence thresholds are the engineering team's; an external review of the calibration (whether H1 actually corresponds to ninety-five percent of actual resolutions matching the prediction) is on the plan for early 2027.
12Sources

Standards alignment

The findings ledger draws on energy management standards for the evidence-window minimums and the projection methodology. External review of the hypothesis-label calibration is on the plan for early 2027.

IPMVP Core Concepts (Volume I, 2022). Defines the evidence base that the strongest findings settle against.

Efficiency Valuation Organization

ASHRAE Guideline 14-2014: Measurement of Energy, Demand, and Water Savings. Informs the evidence-window minimums and the projection methodology.

ASHRAE

ISO 50001: Energy management systems. The finding lifecycle operationalises the check phase of the plan-do-check-act loop.

ISO